Canine Parvovirus

Canine parvovirus is a disease that affects dogs of all ages but is most common in young dogs. The virus attacks the intestines causing bloody diarrhoea, uncontrollable vomiting and severe abdominal pain. Some infected dogs will die from parvovirus, even if they receiveintensive veterinary care.

Parvovirus is spread via dog faeces and is very persistent in the environment even after the faeces has been cleaned away. For this reason, it is not necessary to have direct contact with other dogs for the disease to be spread. The virus is so persistent that an infected dog’s environment needs to be cleaned with a potent disinfectant to prevent spread to other dogs. Outbreaks occur regularly especially in summer, with an estimated 20,000 dogs infected every year in Australia.

Canine Distemper Virus

Canine distemper is a highly contagious viral disease that can affect dogs of any age with young puppies being at highest risk.

Symptoms vary but can include fever, coughing, sneezing, nasal discharge, vomiting, diarrhoea, loss of appetite and depression. Muscle tremors, fits and paralysis may occur later in the disease. Treatment is usually ineffective and the recovery rate very low. Dogs that do recover may have permanent brain damage.

Canine Adenovirus (Infectious Hepatitis)

Canine hepatitis is a viral disease which, like distemper is extremely contagious and often fatal. Dogs of any age can become infected, however severe cases are rare in dogs over two years of age.

Symptoms include high fever, depression, loss of appetite, vomiting, diarrhoea and acute abdominal pain. In severe cases death can occur within 24 to 36 hours. Dogs that recover may develop long term liver and kidney problems and can act as carriers spreading the disease to other dogs for many months.

Canine Cough

Canine cough is a condition produced by several highly infectious viruses and bacteria, which can be easily spread wherever dogs congregate, such as parks, grooming salons, doggy day care, shows, obedience schools and boarding kennels. Among the infectious agents associated with canine cough is the bacterium known as Bordetella bronchiseptica and the canine viruses parainfluenza, adenovirus type 2 and distemper.

Affected dogs have a dry hacking cough which can persist for several weeks. It is distressing for pet dogs and their owners. It is a major problem for working and sporting dogs. Pneumonia can also be a consequence of infection, particularly in young animals.

At Nelson Bay Veterinary Clinic, we use an oral vaccine against Bordetella bronchiseptica (bacterial form of canine cough) as it stimulates local mucosal immunity and has a greater efficacy than the injectable equivalents.

Leptospirosis

Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection that is most commonly spread via rat urine. While treatments are available, response depends on the severity of the infection, and leptospirosis can be fatal. According to the Australian Veterinary Association, dogs are considered to be at-risk if they live in Sydney, Newcastle, the South Coast and surrounding areas, or if they come into contact with rats or rodents (e.g. on farms).

Symptoms are wide-ranging, and can include fever, lethargy, reluctance to move, shivering, changes to water consumption and urination, dehydration, vomiting, diarrhoea, jaundice, difficulty breathing, bleeding, and fluid accumulation in the limbs and body cavities.

Leptospirosis is also a serious disease in humans, and can be transmitted via contact with an infected dog.